{"id":569,"date":"2013-10-16T09:55:04","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T07:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ekodizajn.sk\/?p=569"},"modified":"2013-11-04T13:43:31","modified_gmt":"2013-11-04T12:43:31","slug":"pouzitie-lca-v-etape-koncepcneho-navrhu-susiaka-na-pradlo-pripadova-studia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekodizajn.sk\/?p=569","title":{"rendered":"POU\u017dITIE LCA V ETAPE KONCEP\u010cN\u00c9HO N\u00c1VRHU SU\u0160IAKA NA PR\u00c1DLO: PR\u00cdPADOV\u00c1 \u0160T\u00daDIA"},"content":{"rendered":"
APPLICATION OF LCA IN CLOTH-HORSE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: A CASE STUDY<\/h6>\n
Ing. Miroslav Dado, PhD.<\/h6>\n

Abstrakt: Pou\u017e\u00edvanie recyklovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov redukuje spotrebu z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch surov\u00edn a z\u00e1rove\u0148 minimalizuje mno\u017estvo odpadov v procese v\u00fdroby. LCA kvantifikuje a hodnot\u00ed environment\u00e1lne vplyvy produktu v priebehu jeho cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu. Pr\u00edspevok prostredn\u00edctvom pr\u00edpadovej \u0161t\u00fadie poukazuje na mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017eitia simplifikovanej formy LCA v etape koncep\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu produktu.<\/p>\n

Abstract: The use of recycled materials reduces the need for primary materials and it also minimizes the amount of waste in the production process. LCA quantifies and evaluates the environmental impacts of a product from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacture and use, to final disposal. This paper through case study suggests on possibility to use simplified form of LCA in product conceptual design phase. <\/b><\/p>\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 slov\u00e1: LCA. Koncep\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh. Su\u0161iak na pr\u00e1dlo.<\/p>\n

Key words: LCA. Conceptual design. Cloth-horse.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00daVOD<\/b><\/p>\n

Taliansky v\u00fdrobca su\u0161iakov na pr\u00e1dlo chcel v\u00a0r\u00e1mci inova\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu nahradi\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00fd model su\u0161iaka vyroben\u00fd z ocele, polypropyl\u00e9nu (PP) a\u00a0polyetyl\u00e9nu (PE)\u00a0 modelom, na v\u00fdrobu ktor\u00e9ho sa pou\u017eije technol\u00f3gia vstrekovania plastick\u00fdch hm\u00f4t. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa bude jedna\u0165 o\u00a0plastov\u00fd v\u00fdlisok, na v\u00fdrobu\u00a0 ktor\u00e9ho je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 PP alebo recyklovan\u00fd polyetyl\u00e9ntereftal\u00e1t (PET). Na z\u00e1klade navrhnut\u00e9ho CAD modelu (vi\u010f obr. 1) bola v\u00a0etape koncep\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu nov\u00e9ho modelu pomocou softv\u00e9rov\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja eVerdEE (dostupn\u00fd na www.ecosmes.net<\/a>) vykonan\u00e1 zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 LCA \u0161t\u00fadia, ktorej cie\u013eom bolo navz\u00e1jom porovna\u0165 uveden\u00e9 tri alternat\u00edvy (p\u00f4vodn\u00fd model, plastov\u00fd v\u00fdlisok z\u00a0PP, plastov\u00fd v\u00fdlisok z\u00a0recyklovan\u00e9ho PET).<\/p>\n

\"Obr.<\/a>

Obr. 1 3D CAD model navrhovan\u00e9ho su\u0161iaka na pr\u00e1dlo<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

INVENTARIZA\u010cN\u00c1 ANAL\u00ddZA<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci inventariza\u010dnej anal\u00fdzy boli identifikovan\u00e9 a\u00a0kvantifikovan\u00e9 materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 a\u00a0energetick\u00e9 toky, ktor\u00e9 spolu s\u00a0\u010diastkov\u00fdmi procesmi vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa tzv. syst\u00e9m produktu (vi\u010f obr. 2). Referen\u010dn\u00fd tok predstavoval jeden su\u0161iak. S\u00fapis inventariza\u010dn\u00fdch \u00fadajov pre jednotliv\u00e9 varianty je uveden\u00fd v\u00a0tab. 1. Datab\u00e1za je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou softv\u00e9ru eVerdEE.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Obr.<\/a>

Obr. 2 \u010ciastkov\u00e9 procesy modelovan\u00e9 v inventariza\u010dnej anal\u00fdze<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tab. 1<\/strong> V\u00fdsledok inventariza\u010dnej anal\u00fdzy \u2013 inventariza\u010dn\u00e1 tabu\u013eka<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\nP\u00f4vodn\u00fd su\u0161iak<\/b><\/td>\nSu\u0161iak z PP<\/b><\/td>\nSu\u0161iak z\u00a0recyklovan\u00e9ho PET<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 vstupy<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
recyklovan\u00fd PET<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n4,6 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oce\u013e<\/td>\n<\/td>\n140 g<\/td>\n54,6 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PP<\/td>\n208 g<\/td>\n5,5 kg<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PE<\/td>\n210 g<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HDPE<\/td>\n100 g<\/td>\n100 g<\/td>\n100 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fe 360<\/td>\n767 g<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fe P01<\/td>\n1,67 kg<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Papier<\/td>\n20 g<\/td>\n20 g<\/td>\n20 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spotreba energie<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
elektrick\u00e1 energia<\/td>\n5,662 kWh<\/td>\n6,4 kWh<\/td>\n4,620 kWh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
spa\u013eovacie teplo<\/td>\n0,375 kWh<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Emisie do ovzdu\u0161ia (kg)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CO<\/td>\n0.0329<\/td>\n0.0825<\/td>\n0.0112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TZL<\/td>\n0.0107<\/td>\n0.0251<\/td>\n0.0113<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cd<\/td>\n4.14 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n1.25 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n3.94 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hg<\/td>\n3.28 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n9.18 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n2.38 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ni<\/td>\n1.50 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n2.02 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n2.60 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pb<\/td>\n1.19 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n2.06 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n1.78 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Emisie do v\u00f4d (kg)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AOX<\/td>\n1.90 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n1.52 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n9.09 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOD<\/td>\n3.68 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n4.57 10-4<\/sup><\/td>\n2.39 10-4<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COD<\/td>\n2.49 10-4<\/sup><\/td>\n8.88 10-4<\/sup><\/td>\n0.00119<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cd<\/td>\n1.22 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n4.71 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n1.17 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hg<\/td>\n1.24 10-8<\/sup><\/td>\n2.40 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n1.42 10-7<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ni<\/td>\n8.95 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n3.08 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n8.72 10-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pb<\/td>\n1.20 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n7.97 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n1.33 10-5<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

POS\u00daDENIE VPLYVOV A INTERPRET\u00c1CIA V\u00ddSLEDKOV<\/b><\/p>\n

Pri pos\u00faden\u00ed vplyvov na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie vyu\u017e\u00edval softv\u00e9r p\u00f4vodne 10 indik\u00e1torov (napr. spotreba nerastn\u00fdch surov\u00edn, spotreba vody, spotreba neobnovite\u013enej energie, zmena kl\u00edmy, acidifik\u00e1cia, eutrofiz\u00e1cia at\u010f.), ktor\u00e9 charakterizuj\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 environment\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my. Uveden\u00e9 indik\u00e1tory boli doplnen\u00e9 o \u010fal\u0161ie dva (mno\u017estvo nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch odpadov a celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estvo odpadov), ktor\u00e9 charakterizuj\u00fa negat\u00edvne vplyvy v\u00a0s\u00favislosti so zne\u0161kodnen\u00edm produktu.<\/p>\n

Interpret\u00e1cia v\u00fdsledkov je vizualizovan\u00e1 bu\u010f vo forme tabuliek alebo formou grafov, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 porovnanie jednotliv\u00fdch alternat\u00edv. Na obr. 3 je porovnanie v\u00fdsledkov pre su\u0161iaky z\u00a0PP a\u00a0recyklovan\u00e9ho PET. Zv\u00fdraznen\u00e1 kru\u017enica predstavuje environment\u00e1lny profil su\u0161iaka z\u00a0PP.<\/p>\n

\"Obr.<\/a>

Obr. 3 Porovnanie environment\u00e1lnych profilov su\u0161iaka z PP a su\u0161iaka z recyklovan\u00e9ho PET<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Z\u00a0obr\u00e1zku je teda zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee takmer vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch z\u00a012 indik\u00e1torov (okrem indik\u00e1tora IN05 \u2013 spotreba obnovite\u013enej energie) s\u00fa hodnoty environment\u00e1lneho profilu v\u00fdrazne lep\u0161ie pre su\u0161iak z\u00a0recyklovan\u00e9ho PET. Podobne, aj ke\u010f nie a\u017e tak markantne, je to aj pri porovnan\u00ed environment\u00e1lneho profilu su\u0161iaka z\u00a0recyklovan\u00e9ho PET a\u00a0p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho modelu su\u0161iaka (vi\u010f obr. 4).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Obr.<\/a>

Obr. 4 Porovnanie environment\u00e1lnych profilov p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho su\u0161iaka a su\u0161iaka z recyklovan\u00e9ho PET<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Z\u00c1VER<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledok zjednodu\u0161enej LCA \u0161t\u00fadie pouk\u00e1zal na skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee ak sa m\u00e1 pri v\u00fdrobe nov\u00e9ho modelu su\u0161iaka pou\u017ei\u0165 technol\u00f3gia vstrekovania plastov, je z\u00a0h\u013eadiska vplyvu na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie potrebn\u00e9 zvoli\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu v\u00fdlisku recyklovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Zo vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho porovnania environment\u00e1lnych profilov su\u0161iaka vyroben\u00e9ho z\u00a0recyklovan\u00e9ho PET s\u00a0p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm modelom su\u0161iaka vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee celkov\u00fd environment\u00e1lny profil nov\u00e9ho modelu je v\u00a0priemere pribli\u017ene\u00a0 o\u00a010 percent lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00e1 literat\u00fara<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. RECCHIONI, M. et al.. LCA as eco-design tool to support the development of injection moulded products. In Proceeding of 13th<\/sup> CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Leuven, May 31st <\/sup>\u2013 Jun 2nd<\/sup>, 2006, pp. 645-650.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Gal\u00e9ria k \u010dl\u00e1nku:<\/h6>\n

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